Data Sources and Methodology: How market inputs are checked

Source hierarchy

For market prices and candles, the plugin may use a configured authorised market-data provider such as Dhan, with a separate backup or global-data service where enabled. For derivatives positioning, the system may use a configured option-chain source. Institutional activity and regulatory context are preferably tied to exchange, regulator, central-bank or government publications. News prioritises official releases and attributable reputable reporting.

The presence of a provider name does not guarantee uninterrupted availability. Each provider controls its own service, entitlements, rate limits and corrections.

Time zone and market session

Indian-market pages use the Asia/Kolkata time zone. Normal NSE equity market hours are treated separately from pre-open, post-market and non-trading periods. A completed-session value may remain useful after the close, but it must not be presented as a new intraday candle. Weekends and configured holidays are handled differently from an ordinary live session.

Price and candle completeness

A reliable OHLC snapshot requires a valid open, high, low and current or closing value with a usable timestamp. A single last price may support a limited display but should not automatically unlock every calculation. Unsupported intervals can be constructed only from valid lower-timeframe candles using correct open, high, low and close aggregation.

Freshness and last-verified rules

Every dataset has a freshness window appropriate to how it is published. Intraday candles become stale faster than a completed-session institutional summary. The system records the source timestamp separately from the time WordPress fetched or checked the data. A successful request time is not evidence that the underlying market value is current.

If a source cannot be refreshed, the page may show the last verified value with a clear label or withhold the calculation entirely.

Support and resistance references

Reference zones are calculated from verified price inputs using configured rules. They are rounded observation areas, not guaranteed entries, exits, targets or stop-loss instructions. The calculation can change as the verified session high, low, open or current value changes. Wider-moving indices may naturally produce wider zones.

Option-chain and PCR checks

An option-chain view requires a valid underlying reference, a current or otherwise appropriate contract expiry and usable open-interest data. Expired contracts are rejected for a current analysis. PCR is calculated from the verified option dataset used by the option page so that two pages do not display different ratios for the same snapshot.

PCR is positioning context, not a universal bullish or bearish threshold. Strike distribution, expiry, price and changes in open interest matter.

FII and DII activity

Institutional-flow data is generally session-based, not tick-by-tick. The source date must be displayed and stale records are excluded from a current sentiment score. Cash-market totals do not reveal every derivative hedge or portfolio transaction and should not be treated as a complete picture of institutional intent.

Candle bias and next-session context

Candle bias summarises recent verified price behaviour on selected timeframes. A next-session outlook requires more than one independent current factor; it is withheld when coverage is insufficient. Post-market output can use the completed session when labelled correctly, but the system should not invent a fresh live state after the market has closed.

News relevance and source checks

The finance-news engine scores whether an item relates to markets, banking, business, the economy, regulation or a material Indian-market event. It checks publication date, duplicate similarity, source URL and available evidence. Official sources may qualify for a stricter automated lane; publisher feeds should usually enter review. Full third-party articles and publisher images are not copied merely because an RSS feed exists.

Unavailable and limited states

Missing data is not converted into a neutral 50/100 score. Expired option data is not treated as current, and stale institutional data is not included in a live score. When independent inputs do not meet the minimum requirement, the correct label is “Not calculated”, “Data unavailable” or “Last verified”. This may look less complete, but it is more faithful to the evidence.

Daily page refresh and modified dates

The plugin can check important pages daily, refresh available inputs and clear caches. WordPress modified dates are changed only when the verified page snapshot or managed editorial content meaningfully changes. A routine check without new information is recorded internally but is not used to pretend that an unchanged page has new facts.

Limitations and independent verification

No methodology can capture every market order, private position, sudden announcement or source error. Values can change between refreshes. Verify critical data through the relevant exchange, regulator, company filing or broker before making a decision. The Disclaimer applies to all tools and explanatory pages.